The “Ready or Not?” report contains state-by-state health preparedness scores based on 10 key indicators to assess health emergency preparedness capabilities. All 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia (D.C.) were evaluated. Thirty-five states and D.C. scored eight or higher on the scale of 10 indicators. Illinois, Kentucky, Nebraska, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Tennessee and Virginia scored the highest with 10 out of 10. Arkansas, Iowa, Mississippi, Nevada, Wisconsin and Wyoming scored the lowest with six out of 10.
“The improvements in state preparedness are encouraging, but the job of preparing the United States for major health emergencies is not nearly done,” said Jeff Levi, Ph.D., executive director of TFAH. “And, just when we are beginning to see a return on the federal investment in preparedness programs, the president and Congress have continued to cut these funds. These efforts may seem penny wise now, but could prove pound foolish later.”
For the state-by-state scoring, states received one point for each indicator they achieved and zero points for each indicator they did not achieve, therefore zero is the lowest possible overall score and 10 the highest. Data for the public health indicators were collected from publicly available sources or public officials in 2007. Among the key findings:
- Thirteen states do not have adequate plans to distribute emergency vaccines, antidotes and medical supplies from the Strategic National Stockpile.
- Twenty-one states do not have statutes that allow for adequate liability protection for healthcare volunteers during emergencies.
- Twelve states do not have a disease surveillance system compatible with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) National Electronic Disease Surveillance System.
- Seven states have not purchased any portion of their federally-subsidized or unsubsidized
antivirals to use during a pandemic flu. - Seven states and D.C. lack sufficient capabilities to test for biological threats.
“There is little doubt that emergency health preparedness is on the national radar,” Levi added. “But until all states are equally well prepared, our country is not as safe as it can and should be.”
The report highlights two areas of particular concern with regard to state-level preparedness:
- Twenty-one states do not provide sufficient legal protection from liability for healthcare volunteers who respond to a call for assistance in an emergency. Lack of such protections has been identified as a key impediment to recruiting sufficient volunteers to respond to a major health emergency. TFAH recommends that states adopt the Uniform Emergency Volunteer Health Practitioners Act (UEVHPA), which has been approved by the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws.
- Seven states have made no purchases toward their share of the stockpile of antivirals for pandemic influenza. States have been asked to purchase 31 million treatment courses of the 81 million course stockpile target set by the federal government. Containment of a pandemic must be a national priority. Any differences in capacity on a state-by-state basis place the entire nation at risk.
Federal Progress Analyzed
The report also evaluates federal progress in preparing the country for bioterrorism, disasters and disease. TFAH finds that the passage of the Pandemic and All-Hazards Preparedness Act (PAHPA) of 2006, issuance of presidential directives, and start-up of the new Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response (ASPR) are significant steps forward. Major challenges that remain include assuring adequate funding for the ASPR’s key programs, such as the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA), and delivering on the requirements of PAHPA to increase transparency and accountability in all federally-funded preparedness programs.
“Ready or Not? 2007” also includes new information from a U.S. public opinion poll commissioned by TFAH. The poll finds that:
- Six years after the tragedies of Sept. 11th, 54 percent of Americans believe that the United States is not as safe now as it was prior to Sept. 11th, 2001.
- Two years after Hurricane Katrina, nearly 60 percent of Americans do not think their community would be prepared to respond to a natural disaster.
- Nearly 9 out of 10 Americans say they would abide by a voluntary quarantine and stay home in the case of an outbreak of a pandemic flu. Willingness to accept this type of quarantine exists across the public at high levels. Among the 10 percent who say they would not adhere to the government’s request of a voluntary quarantine, most indicate that they could not stay at home due to fears of losing needed income (64 percent) or losing their jobs altogether (39 percent).
TFAH’s report and state-by-state materials are available at http://www.healthyamericans.org.