As many as 8 percent of the workers and volunteers who engaged in rescue and recovery, essential service restoration and clean-up efforts in the wake of 9/11 reported experiencing post-9/11 asthma attacks or episodes. Asthma typically is seen in only 4 percent of the population.
“Although previous WTC studies have shown significant respiratory problems, this is the first study to directly quantify the magnitude of asthma among WTC responders,” said Hyun Kim, Sc.D., instructor of preventive medicine at Mount Sinai School of Medicine (MSSM) and lead author of the analysis. “Eight years after 9/11, the WTC Program is still observing responders affected by asthma episodes and attacks at rates more than twice that of people not exposed to WTC dust.”
Researchers examined the medical records of 20,843 WTC responders who received medical screenings from July 2002 to December 2007 as part of the MSSM-coordinated WTC Program. Results were compared with the U.S. National Health Survey Interviews adult sample data for the years 2000 and 2002 to 2007.
In the general population, the prevalence of asthma episodes and/or attacks in the previous 12 months remained relatively constant at slightly less than 4 percent from 2000 to 2007. In contrast, among WTC responders, while fewer than 1 percent reported asthma episodes occurring during the year 2000, 8 percent reported asthma episodes in the years 2005 to 2007. In an age-adjusted ratio, WTC responders were 2.3 times more likely to report asthma episodes/attacks that had occurred during the previous 12 months when compared to the general population of the United States.
Of the study’s rescue and recovery workers, 86 percent were men and the average duration of work at WTC sites was 80 days. The study followed uniformed and other law enforcement and protective service workers (42 percent of subjects), as well as construction workers and other responders who had engaged in paid and volunteer WTC-related rescue and recovery, essential service restoration and/or debris removal and clean-up efforts.
“It is important to note that this report focused on findings from baseline or initial visit examinations,” said Philip J. Landrigan, M.D., Ethel H. Wise Professor and chair of MSSM's Department of Preventive Medicine and principal investigator of the WTC Program Data and Coordination Center. “The data show an increasing percentage of responders reporting asthmatic episodes, rising to double that seen in the general population. It is clearly vital that we continue to track responders’ health and look further into the medical outcomes of this population.”
“Asthma and other chronic lung conditions remain a significant burden for rescue and recovery workers responding to the attacks on the World Trade Center,” added Kalpalatha Guntupalli, M.D., FCCP, president of the American College of Chest Physicians. “The significant chronic health problems associated with the WTC attacks only reinforces the need for stronger disaster preparedness plans as well as long-term medical follow-up for 9/11 responders and individuals who respond to disaster-related events.”
The WTC Program http://www.wtcexams.org/ currently offers WTC responders free medical surveillance examinations and targeted treatment for health conditions related to WTC work exposures. The program is supported through funds administered by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Over 27,000 responders have been medically screened under the program. The New York City Fire Department operates a sister program for current and former firefighters and emergency medical service workers.
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